DHT11的資料在網路上很好找,這裡不多介紹細節,
詳細規格資料在上一篇中已經有提供。
原生Arduino系統沒有支援DHT系列感測器,所以必須
先載入相關的函式庫(Library)。
早期的開發工具都必須自行找尋相關函式庫,現在
新版IDE開發工具已經內建函式庫搜尋功能,DHT
就在支援之列。
開啟Arduino IDE之後,如下圖:
呼叫出程式庫管理員介面如下圖,然後搜尋DHT,可以看到有許多不同的程式庫出現,
我建議選擇如下圖我框起來的這個程式庫,因為支援度完整:
點選more info會出現選擇版本,我的建議就是選1.2.3,不要使用1.3.0,原因是程式編譯時會出現
錯誤訊息,可以手動修正但需要外部程式庫比較麻煩,如果只是簡單驗證程式而已,1.2.3就夠了。
這時候可以開啟範例程式,如下圖中所示會出現如下範例,DHTtester:
DHTtester程式如下:
// Example testing sketch for various DHT humidity/temperature sensors
// Written by ladyada, public domain
#include "DHT.h"
#define DHTPIN 2 // what digital pin we're connected to
// Uncomment whatever type you're using!
#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11
//#define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302), AM2321
//#define DHTTYPE DHT21 // DHT 21 (AM2301)
// Connect pin 1 (on the left) of the sensor to +5V
// NOTE: If using a board with 3.3V logic like an Arduino Due connect pin 1
// to 3.3V instead of 5V!
// Connect pin 2 of the sensor to whatever your DHTPIN is
// Connect pin 4 (on the right) of the sensor to GROUND
// Connect a 10K resistor from pin 2 (data) to pin 1 (power) of the sensor
// Initialize DHT sensor.
// Note that older versions of this library took an optional third parameter to
// tweak the timings for faster processors. This parameter is no longer needed
// as the current DHT reading algorithm adjusts itself to work on faster procs.
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("DHTxx test!");
dht.begin();
}
void loop() {
// Wait a few seconds between measurements.
delay(2000);
// Reading temperature or humidity takes about 250 milliseconds!
// Sensor readings may also be up to 2 seconds 'old' (its a very slow sensor)
float h = dht.readHumidity();
// Read temperature as Celsius (the default)
float t = dht.readTemperature();
// Read temperature as Fahrenheit (isFahrenheit = true)
float f = dht.readTemperature(true);
// Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again).
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t) || isnan(f)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}
// Compute heat index in Fahrenheit (the default)
float hif = dht.computeHeatIndex(f, h);
// Compute heat index in Celsius (isFahreheit = false)
float hic = dht.computeHeatIndex(t, h, false);
Serial.print("Humidity: ");
Serial.print(h);
Serial.print(" %\t");
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print(" *C ");
Serial.print(f);
Serial.print(" *F\t");
Serial.print("Heat index: ");
Serial.print(hic);
Serial.print(" *C ");
Serial.print(hif);
Serial.println(" *F");
}
程式說明:
要使用DHT除了程式庫要裝起來之外,程式開頭要宣告include DHT.h進來。
再來要define DHT sensor所使用的腳位,範例中是pin 2。
第三要define 所使用sensor的類型,原本範例是用DHT22,這裡改用DHT11。
後面程式就是讀取DHT sensor的內容,然後輸出到com port介面,
只要設定好正確的com port速度,打開com port監視畫面就能看到溫濕度了。
範例輸出如下圖,溫濕度不會跟底下畫面一樣,會跟你的測試環境相同:
如果接線錯誤或是sensor故障,程式也會判斷出來並顯示錯誤訊息:
以上就完成了DHT sensor的驅動跟使用,
底下說明手動安裝程式庫及解決官方1.3.0版問題的方法。
手動安裝程式庫
DHT sensor系列函式庫下載
http://github.com/adafruit/DHT-sensor-library
函式庫名稱為 DHT-sensor-library-master
注意:只下載此函式庫的話,編譯範例程式會出現錯誤,
需下載以下函式庫並放入Arduino程式庫中
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Sensor
成式庫名稱為 Adafruit_Sensor-master
以上程式庫也是官版1.3.0程式庫所額外需要的程式庫,下載之後放到Arduino程式庫目錄中,
就能解決1.3.0版編譯的問題。
錯誤訊息如下:
Arduino:1.8.5 (Windows 10), 開發板:"Arduino/Genuino Uno"
建置選項已變更,重新建置
In file included from E:\owncloud\Documents\My Arduino project\libraries\DHT_sensor_library\DHT_U.cpp:22:0:
E:\owncloud\Documents\My Arduino project\libraries\DHT_sensor_library\DHT_U.h:25:29: fatal error: Adafruit_Sensor.h: No such file or directory
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
^
compilation terminated.
exit status 1
開發板 Arduino/Genuino Uno 編譯錯誤。
This report would have more information with
"Show verbose output during compilation"
option enabled in File -> Preferences.
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